Russia's vast size, the enormous differences in living standards of its people, and its tumultuous history make it a mystifying place for outsiders. However much you've read up on the country, as a traveller you're still probably going to be surprised by what you find. And whilst most people imagine that the best places to stay in Russia to experience all of this are Moscow and St Petersburg, there is plenty to explore beyond these headline destinations. However, if you want to see grand palaces, gloriously colourful onion-domed churches, and historic treasures beyond your wildest dreams, then Moscow and St. Petersburg are the Russia you’ll want to see.
Where to stay?
Moscow is rife with the remnants of Communism, but it's also littered with wonderfully ornate churches and brightly coloured palaces. And it hasn’t just embraced Capitalism, it’s capitalised itself into one of the world’s richest cities in the space of a few decades. Moscow has the most billionaires, it’s where you can buy the world’s most expensive cup of coffee and the most popular nightclub is called ‘The Most’.
The red brick of the Kremlin and black cobbles of Red Square are steeped in history and many treasures built by the Tsars stand as a reminder of the pre-concrete-block era of architecture. But since then many of the less glamorous buildings - factories and warehouses - have been converted into more beautiful ones, now housing art galleries and museums and even clubs and restaurants.
St Petersburg is more European looking and feeling than Moscow, as well as being arguably more elegant. This was Russia’s imperial capital and it looks like a city built by Tsars. There are fabulous Baroque and Neoclassical palaces, Italianate mansions, beautiful plazas, and grand churches, all showcasing the sophistication and wealth of the Romanovs, and one of the world’s great collections: the treasures of the State Hermitage Museum.
Built, at much cost of life, on a swamp, St Petersburg is cut through with canals, has around 350 bridges, and plenty of opportunities to stroll along the water. Which is why it’s often referred to as the Venice of the north.
As well as the Hermitage, St Petersburg has the almost-as-vast Russian Museum and the contemporary Erarta Museum. Beautiful in summer with the endless hours of light, St Petersburg is also brilliant under the snow.
Further afield
If you want to get a sense of the grande scale of the place - and Russia covers more than an eighth of the surface of the globe - then consider one of Russia’s epic train journeys.
Up to the Caucasus where you can trek or ski or climb, or to serene Lake Baikal, where you can sail or row. Or to the north, close to Scandinavia, where you’ll find Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega which hosts Kizhi island and a spectacular collection of traditional wooden churches.
Or travel to the far east and the volcanoes, geysers and bears of Kamchatka.
Sochi, the Black Sea resort, has become familiar with more of us since the 2014 Winter Olympics.
And Vladivostok is the city on the Pacific side, known for its hills, its battle ships and for being the terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Russia also has 35 National Parks and 100 Nature Reserves…
What not to Miss
Moscow
- One of the best ways to experience Moscow is on a tour with a local. There are plenty of themed tours such as cooking and eating.
- The red brick of the Kremlin and the famous, colourful onion-domes of St. Basil’s Cathedral sit at either end of the 400 metre by 150 metre stretch of black cobbles that is Red Square. Historic and beautiful, you should make sure you’re flexible about your visit as it’s often being used and is closed to the public. Lenin’s Mausoleum is on the Kremlin side, a severe affair which feels a bit sad: Lenin had requested to be buried beside his mother in St. Petersburg. Some of his most significant comrades and political followers are also buried nearby.
- One of the oldest buildings in Moscow is the Novodevichy Convent, originally constructed in the 16th century. On the convent's grounds is the even more famous Novodevichy Cemetery.
- Moscow has many other interesting churches, one of the most architecturally notable is the Church of the Ascension, built to commemorate the birth of Ivan the Terrible.
- Moscow’s art museums are probably slightly less well known than The Hermitage in St. Petersburg, but only slightly, and the headliners are the Tretyakova Gallery and the Pushkin Museum of Western Art.
- Gorky Park was a Communist era leisure centre, with an injection of culture into the mix, and is a fascinating place for appreciating the changes that have taken place here in relatively recent history.
- Old Arbat Street is also worth a stroll and, if you can afford it, a visit to the Bolshoi, which is still one of the most atmospheric ways to spend an evening in Moscow.
- New Arbat Street is where you’ll find the most expensive bars, clubs and restaurants.
- Around Moscow is a Golden Ring of pretty, historic towns and cities, and it’s well worth hopping between a few of them - if only to admire the beautiful churches.
St Petersburg
- St Petersburg’s headline attraction is the State Hermitage Museum and Winter Palace. It’s not only a magnificent building but also houses a stunning collection of art - you could easily spend a day here and only scratch the surface of its extraordinarily rich collections.
- Then there’s the iconic Church of the Saviour on Spilled Blood, built in the late 19th Century to memorialise Alexander II, is an architectural masterpiece. Featuring Italian pink marble floors, wonderful mosaics and opulent interiors, it's a truly breathtaking spot.
- The Catherine Palace, which is about 30km south of the city, makes for a great day out. It is a lovely place to wander around, however the main attraction is the 1400 acres of parkland that surrounds it. Take a break from sightseeing and unwind with a picnic.
- And for something a bit different visit the Grand Maket Russia Interactive Museum, which houses an 800 metre large miniature display of all the country's cities and regions.
Off the beaten track
- Tchaikovsky lived in Klin and remote Votkinsk, Dostoevsky had a summer house in Staraya Russa, Chekhov in Melikhovo and Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana.
- You might also whale watch off the coast of arctic Wrangle Island, or spot the Amur Tiger in Sakhalin.
Use our guide to the best places to stay in Russia and start to plan your trip to this vast and fascinating country.